Backport of Fix multiple issues related to proxycfg health queries. into release/1.13.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #17241 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.13.

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The person who merged in the original PR is:
@hashi-derek
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
and close this one when the manual backport PR is merged in.

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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1. The datacenter was not being provided to a proxycfg query, which resulted in bypassing agentless query optimizations and using the normal API instead.

2. The health rpc endpoint would return a zero index when insufficient ACLs were detected. This would result in the agent cache performing an infinite loop of queries in rapid succession without backoff.

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Overview of commits

• 464f79a - ff4ba95 - ab3e904

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[github-team-consul-core-pr-approver]

Auto approved Consul Bot automated PR

[hashi-derek]

Closing this due to failed automatic backport. Will be addressed in a manual PR.