Backport of ci: ensure int test docker pull goes through proxy into release/1.19.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #21819 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.19.

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Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
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The person who merged in the original PR is:
@zalimeni
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
and close this one when the manual backport PR is merged in.

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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So we don't get rate limited.

PR Checklist

• updated test coverage
• external facing docs updated
• appropriate backport labels added
• not a security concern

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Overview of commits

• 7ed1c98

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[github-team-consul-core-pr-approver]

Auto approved Consul Bot automated PR