Backport of Update vault-plugin-auth-jwt to v0.24.1 into release/1.20.x

[hc-github-team-secure-vault-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #30876 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.20.x.

🚨

Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
you will see a blank no-op commit below. If at least one commit succeeded, you
will see the cherry-picked commits up to, not including, the commit where
the merge conflict occurred.

The person who merged in the original PR is:
@hashiblaum
This person should resolve the merge-conflict(s) by either:

• Manually completing the cherry picks into this branch
• Creating a new branch and manually cherry-picking all commits being backported

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/vault/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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This PR was generated by a GitHub Action. Full log: https://github.com/hashicorp/vault/actions/runs/15479712711

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Overview of commits

• ab0d27e

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CI Results:
All Go tests succeeded! ✅

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Build Results:
All builds succeeded! ✅