feat(input): add base functionality and tests

[liamdebeasi]

Pull request checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been reviewed and added / updated if needed (for bug fixes / features)
  • Some docs updates need to be made in the ionic-docs repo, in a separate PR. See the contributing guide for details.
• Build (npm run build) was run locally and any changes were pushed
• Lint (npm run lint) has passed locally and any fixes were made for failures

Pull request type

Please check the type of change your PR introduces:

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, renaming)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• Documentation content changes
• Other (please describe):

What is the current behavior?

Issue URL: N/A internal ticket

This is one PR of several for the FW-2591 feature

What is the new behavior?

• Adds a <label>, <input>, and the clear button elements inside of the new input render function
• Added tests for the modern layout that tests functionality. I only added tests that are already being used for the legacy layout. Tests for the new properties will be in a future PR. The goal of this PR is to ensure existing functionality is preserved before layering on new functionality.

Note: No styles have been updated which is why screenshot tests are skipped for now. These will be re-enabled in a future PR.

Does this introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information