channeldb: load graph cache async

[djkazic]

Change Description

Today, LND startup time can be slow. This PR aims to speed up initial startup by performing graph cache population in the background. All callsites for c.graphCache have been refactored to use c.getGraphCache() instead which will return the cache if it's ready or an error if an error occurred during cache population. Pending updates are queued and then executed once the graph cache is done being loaded.

Note that this PR is a prototype, reviews are welcome.

Pull Request Checklist

Testing

• Your PR passes all CI checks. (some flaky CI tests failed)
• Tests covering the positive and negative (error paths) are included.
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Fixes #6187

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[ellemouton]

@djkazic - im happy to review this once it's ready

[lightninglabs-deploy]

@djkazic, remember to re-request review from reviewers when ready

[ellemouton]

!lightninglabs-deploy mute

[ellemouton]

Hey @djkazic - i've opened an alternative here if you want to take a look

[saubyk]

Closing this in favor of #10065