[ktx] Fix broken msys package download links

[kring]

Installing the ktx port on Windows currently fails because it attempts to download msys2 packages that are no longer hosted on repo.msys2.org. This PR updates the links to point to valid packages.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[dg0yt]

With the next update to vcpkg_acquire_msys, we should probably add these packages there so that they are covered by the freshness check in the vcpkg-ci-msys2 port.

(No change requested to this PR.)

[dg0yt]

With the next update to vcpkg_acquire_msys, we should probably add these packages there so that they are covered by the freshness check in the vcpkg-ci-msys2 port.

OTOH this would make it more difficult to get rid of the maintenance burden when we could get rid of these dependnencies. Maybe we find a better way to put this under test automation.

[BillyONeal]

Thanks!