[DOCS] - Minor updates to OStream Metrics exporter documentation

examples/metrics_simple/README.md

@@ -1,86 +1,116 @@
 # Simple Metrics Example
 
-This example initializes the metrics pipeline with 2 different instrument types.
-Here are more detailed explanations of each part.
+This example initializes the metrics pipeline with 3 different instrument types:
 
-1: Initialize an exporter and a reader. In this case, we initialize an OStream
-Exporter which will print to stdout by default.
-The reader periodically collects metrics from the collector and exports them.
+- [Counter](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/api.md#counter)
+- [Histogram](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/api.md#histogram)
+- [Asynchronous/Observable Counter](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/api.md#asynchronous-counter)
 
-```cpp
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MetricExporter> exporter{new exportermetrics::OStreamMetricExporter};
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MetricReader> reader{
-    new metric_sdk::PeriodicExportingMetricReader(std::move(exporter), options)};
-```
+ Here are more detailed steps with explanation. Note that the steps 4, 6, and 8
+ are done in Instrumentation library for creating and recording Instruments,
+ and rest of the steps are done in application to configure SDK.
 
-2: Initialize a MeterProvider and add the reader.
-We will use this to obtain Meter objects in the future.
+ Namespace alias used in below steps
 
-```cpp
-auto provider = std::shared_ptr<metrics_api::MeterProvider>(new opentelemetry::metrics::MeterProvider());
-auto p = std::static_pointer_cast<metric_sdk::MeterProvider>(provider);
-p->AddMetricReader(std::move(reader));
-```
-
-3: Create and add a view to the provider.
-
-```cpp
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector> instrument_selector{
-    new metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector(metric_sdk::InstrumentType::kCounter, "name_counter")};
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MeterSelector> meter_selector{
-    new metric_sdk::MeterSelector(name, version, schema)};
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::View> sum_view{
-    new metric_sdk::View{name, "description", metric_sdk::AggregationType::kSum}};
-p->AddView(std::move(instrument_selector), std::move(meter_selector), std::move(sum_view));
-```
-
-4: Then create a
-[Counter](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/api.md#counter)
-instrument from it. Every Meter pointer returned by the
-MeterProvider points to the same Meter. This means that the Meter will be able
-to combine metrics captured from different functions without having to
-constantly pass the Meter around the library.
-
-```cpp
-nostd::shared_ptr<metrics_api::Meter> meter = provider->GetMeter(name, "1.2.0");
-auto double_counter = meter->CreateDoubleCounter(counter_name);
-// Create a label set which annotates metric values
-std::map<std::string, std::string> labels = {{"key", "value"}};
-auto labelkv = common::KeyValueIterableView<decltype(labels)>{labels};
-double_counter->Add(val, labelkv);
-```
-
-5: To use histogram instrument, a view with proper `InstrumentType` and `AggregationType`
-has to be added to the provider.
-
-```cpp
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector> histogram_instrument_selector{
-    new metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector(metric_sdk::InstrumentType::kHistogram, "histogram_name")};
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MeterSelector> histogram_meter_selector{
-    new metric_sdk::MeterSelector(name, version, schema)};
-std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::View> histogram_view{
-    new metric_sdk::View{name, "description", metric_sdk::AggregationType::kHistogram}};
-p->AddView(std::move(histogram_instrument_selector), std::move(histogram_meter_selector),
-            std::move(histogram_view));
-
-auto histogram_counter = meter->CreateDoubleHistogram("histogram_name");
-auto context = opentelemetry::context::Context{};
-histogram_counter->Record(val, labelkv, context);
-```
-
-See [CONTRIBUTING.md](../../CONTRIBUTING.md) for instructions on building and
-running the example.
+ ```cpp
+using namespace metrics_api = opentelemetry::metrics;
+using namespace metric_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::metrics;
+using namespace exportermetrics = opentelemetry::exporters;
 
-## Additional Documentation
+ ```
 
-[API
-Design](https://github.com/open-o11y/docs/blob/master/cpp-metrics/api-design.md)
+1. Initialize an exporter and a reader. In this case, we initialize an OStream
+Exporter which will print to stdout by default.
+The reader periodically collects metrics from the Aggregation Store and exports them.
 
-[SDK
-Design](https://github.com/open-o11y/docs/blob/master/cpp-metrics/sdk-design.md)
+    ```cpp
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MetricExporter> exporter{new exportermetrics::OStreamMetricExporter};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MetricReader> reader{
+        new metric_sdk::PeriodicExportingMetricReader(std::move(exporter), options)};
+    ```
 
-[OStreamExporters
-Design](https://github.com/open-o11y/docs/blob/master/cpp-ostream/ostream-exporter-design.md)
+2. Initialize a MeterProvider and add the reader.
+We will use this to obtain Meter objects in the future.
 
-[OpenTelemetry C++ Metrics
-Overview](https://github.com/open-o11y/docs/blob/master/cpp-metrics/README.md)
+    ```cpp
+    auto provider = std::shared_ptr<metrics_api::MeterProvider>(new metric_sdk::MeterProvider());
+    auto p = std::static_pointer_cast<metric_sdk::MeterProvider>(provider);
+    p->AddMetricReader(std::move(reader));
+    ```
+
+3. Optional: Create a view to map the Counter Instrument to Sum Aggregation.
+Add this view to provider. View creation is optional unless we want to add
+custom aggregation config, and attribute processor. Metrics SDK  will implicitly
+create a missing view with default mapping between Instrument and Aggregation.
+
+    ```cpp
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector> instrument_selector{
+        new metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector(metric_sdk::InstrumentType::kCounter, "counter_name")};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MeterSelector> meter_selector{
+        new metric_sdk::MeterSelector(name, version, schema)};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::View> sum_view{
+        new metric_sdk::View{name, "description", metric_sdk::AggregationType::kSum}};
+    p->AddView(std::move(instrument_selector), std::move(meter_selector), std::move(sum_view));
+    ```
+
+4. Create a Counter instrument from the Meter, and record the measurement.
+Every Meter pointer returned by the MeterProvider points to the same Meter.
+This means that the Meter will be able to combine metrics captured from
+different functions without having to constantly pass the Meter around the library.
+
+    ```cpp
+    auto meter = provider->GetMeter(name, "1.2.0");
+    auto double_counter = meter->CreateDoubleCounter(counter_name);
+    // Create a label set which annotates metric values
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> labels = {{"key", "value"}};
+    auto labelkv = common::KeyValueIterableView<decltype(labels)>{labels};
+    double_counter->Add(val, labelkv);
+    ```
+
+5. Optional: Create a view to map the Histogram Instrument to Histogram Aggregation.
+
+    ```cpp
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector> histogram_instrument_selector{
+        new metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector(metric_sdk::InstrumentType::kHistogram, "histogram_name")};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MeterSelector> histogram_meter_selector{
+        new metric_sdk::MeterSelector(name, version, schema)};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::View> histogram_view{
+        new metric_sdk::View{name, "description", metric_sdk::AggregationType::kHistogram}};
+    p->AddView(std::move(histogram_instrument_selector), std::move(histogram_meter_selector),
+        std::move(histogram_view));
+    ```
+
+6. Create a Histogram instrument from the Meter, and record the measurement.
+
+    ```cpp
+    auto meter = provider->GetMeter(name, "1.2.0");
+    auto histogram_counter = meter->CreateDoubleHistogram("histogram_name");
+    histogram_counter->Record(val, labelkv);
+    ```
+
+7. Optional: Create a view to map the Observable Counter Instrument to Sum Aggregation
+
+    ```cpp
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector> observable_instrument_selector{
+        new metric_sdk::InstrumentSelector(metric_sdk::InstrumentType::kObservableCounter,
+                                         "observable_counter_name")};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::MeterSelector> observable_meter_selector{
+      new metric_sdk::MeterSelector(name, version, schema)};
+    std::unique_ptr<metric_sdk::View> observable_sum_view{
+      new metric_sdk::View{name, "description", metric_sdk::AggregationType::kSum}};
+    p->AddView(std::move(observable_instrument_selector), std::move(observable_meter_selector),
+             std::move(observable_sum_view));
+    ```
+
+8. Create a Observable Counter Instrument from the Meter, and add a callback.
+The callbackwould be used to record the measurement during metrics collection.
+Ensure to keep the Instrument object active for the lifetime of collection.
+
+    ```cpp
+    auto meter = provider->GetMeter(name, "1.2.0");
+    auto counter = meter->CreateDoubleObservableCounter(counter_name);
+    counter->AddCallback(MeasurementFetcher::Fetcher, nullptr);
+    ```
+
+See [INSTALL.md](../../INSTALL.md) for instructions on building and
+running the example.