BUG: Series(strings).astype("float64[pyarrow]") raising

[lukemanley]

• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Fixes the following:

import pandas as pd

ser = pd.Series(["1.0"])
ser.astype("float64[pyarrow]")  # -> ArrowInvalid: Could not convert '1.0' with type str: tried to convert to double

[mroeschke]

Thanks @lukemanley