Replace all shared interop calls

[bdach]

Current usages:

• emitting rank achieved / lost profile events ([1], [2])
• awarding medals
• periodic reindexes of beatmap sets

As part of this effort, moving these calls out of transactions could be considered, which would be a good start to #341.

[bdach]

• Rank achieved / lost profile events are pretty simple if annoying to move out (the most annoying part will be doing HTML escaping correctly so that we don't get XSS'd by some joker with a penchant for funny beatmap metadata).
• Awarding medals is also mostly database except for sending a notification about it which client also relies on to show the medal overlay. So this component still needs to talk to an external service, be it web or notification server directly.
• Similarly for the reindex request, this component needs to talk to either web or ES directly. I can't even figure out what it is that web does here.

Thus my starting proposition is #348 and everything else can be considered later if we want to.