Implement functions currently in purescript-math

[JamieBallingall]

See purescript-deprecated/purescript-math#31.

There is a plan to eventually deprecate purescript-math, similar to how purescript-globals was deprecated. This will involve moving a lot of functions currently in purescript-math into this repo. This issue is to track that process.

[JordanMartinez]

I think this would be a breaking change...?

[JamieBallingall]

This would be a breaking change for any compiler backend other than a Javascript one. Is there a list of other backends that we would like to see supported?

Unfortunately, I think there is a sequence of breaking changes that can't easily be compacted together. Specifically,

• This issue, moving stuff from Math into Data.Number
• Updating Data.Int with the rest of the functionality in Math and changing its dependence on Math to Data.Number
• Depreciating Math

[JordanMartinez]

@JamieBallingall We're ready to make breaking changes now. Any updates on how to move this forward?