Numba-ify physics functions

[je-cook]

Description

Some cleanup of physics with some numba-ifcation and loop flatttening

Checklist

I confirm that I have completed the following checks:

• I have justified any large differences in the regression tests caused by this pull request in the comments.
• I have added new tests where appropriate for the changes I have made.
• If I have had to change any existing unit or integration tests, I have justified this change in the pull request comments.
• If I have made documentation changes, I have checked they render correctly.
• I have added documentation for my change, if appropriate.