BFS DFS #43
Description
BFS
在第一轮中，我们处理根结点。在第二轮中，我们处理根结点旁边的结点；在第三轮中，我们处理距根结点两步的结点；等等等等。
与树的层序遍历类似，越是接近根结点的结点将越早地遍历。
如果在第 k 轮中将结点 X 添加到队列中，则根结点与 X 之间的最短路径的长度恰好是 k。也就是说，第一次找到目标结点时，你已经处于最短路径中。
模版I
/**
* Return the length of the shortest path between root and target node.
*/
int BFS(Node root, Node target) {
Queue<Node> queue; // store all nodes which are waiting to be processed
int step = 0; // number of steps neeeded from root to current node
// initialize
add root to queue;
// BFS
while (queue is not empty) {
step = step + 1;
// iterate the nodes which are already in the queue
int size = queue.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
Node cur = the first node in queue;
return step if cur is target;
for (Node next : the neighbors of cur) {
add next to queue;
}
remove the first node from queue;
}
}
return -1; // there is no path from root to target
}模版II
/**
* Return the length of the shortest path between root and target node.
*/
int BFS(Node root, Node target) {
Queue<Node> queue; // store all nodes which are waiting to be processed
Set<Node> used; // store all the used nodes
int step = 0; // number of steps neeeded from root to current node
// initialize
add root to queue;
add root to used;
// BFS
while (queue is not empty) {
step = step + 1;
// iterate the nodes which are already in the queue
int size = queue.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
Node cur = the first node in queue;
return step if cur is target;
for (Node next : the neighbors of cur) {
if (next is not in used) {
add next to queue;
add next to used;
}
}
remove the first node from queue;
}
}
return -1; // there is no path from root to target
}