[Bug?]: (cross-post) EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat with latest NodeJS v25 releases

[jnoordsij]

Self-service

• I'd be willing to implement a fix

Describe the bug

(cross-post of nodejs/node#62012 which may be relevant and/or solvable here)

With the latest NodeJS v25 releases (>= 25.7.0), a variety of tooling (e.g. ESLint, Vite) runs into an immediate error when used with Yarn PnP:

Error: EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat

This can also be observed on the latest test workflows for the master branch in this repository; see e.g. https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/actions/runs/22605132315/job/65618028428.

From nodejs/node#62012 (comment):

Don't know if this has anything to do with their esm loader's load hook returning source: undefined when passed format: 'commonjs'. Looking at the debug output, createCJSModuleWrap was previously being called with translateContext.source fully populated, whereas it's now being called with translateContext.source: undefined.

This seems to suggest there may be a way to fix this here. Otherwise if this is a break in NodeJS behavior which should be addressed there, it might be worthwhile to post additional context on nodejs/node#62012.

To reproduce

1. Install NodeJS v25.7.0 or higher
2. Install Yarn through e.g. Corepack
3. yarn init && yarn add -D eslint && yarn eslint

See also nodejs/node#62012 (comment).

Environment

System:
    OS: observed on Windows 11 10.0.26200 / Alpine 3.23 / MacOS (likely more)
    CPU: varying
  Binaries:
    Node: >= 25.7.0
    Yarn: 4.12.0

Additional context

Thanks a lot for spending any time looking into this!

[ZeWaka]

Yep getting this too! Here are some debug logs if it helps assist.
Using yarn 4.12.0 PnP, Node v25.8.1, rspack 1.7.8

logspam

MODULE 8692: Module._load checking cache for assert false
MODULE 8692: load built-in module assert
ESM 8692: Storing file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1] (implicit type) in ModuleLoadMap
ESM 8692: Storing file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1] (implicit type) in ModuleLoadMap
ESM 8692: ModuleJob.run() ModuleWrap {
  hasTopLevelAwait: false,
  sourceURL: undefined,
  sourceMapURL: undefined,
  synthetic: false,
  url: 'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1]',
  isMain: true
}
ESM 8692: async addJobsToDependencyGraph() file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1] 
ModuleJob {
    loader: ModuleLoader {
    loadCache: LoadCache(1) [Map] {
      'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1]' => [Object: null prototype]
    },
    isForAsyncLoaderHookWorker: false
  },
  importAttributes: [Object: null prototype] {},
  phase: 2,
  isMain: false,
  inspectBrk: false,
  url: 'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1]',
  module: ModuleWrap {
    hasTopLevelAwait: false,
    sourceURL: undefined,
    sourceMapURL: undefined,
    synthetic: false,
    url: 'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1]',
    isMain: true
  },
  modulePromise: Promise {
    ModuleWrap {
      hasTopLevelAwait: false,
      sourceURL: undefined,
      sourceMapURL: undefined,
      synthetic: false,
      url: 'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/[eval1]',
      isMain: true
    }
  },
  commonJsDeps: [],
  linked: [],
  instantiated: undefined
}
ESM 8692: Translating CJSModule file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/.yarn/__virtual__/@rspack-core-virtual-f57d04e700/0/cache/@rspack-core-npm-1.4.11-6fbee5ea82-56a3a98f34.zip/node_modules/@rspack/core/dist/index.js [Object: null prototype] {  format: 'commonjs',
  responseURL: 'file:///X:/repos/goonstation/tgui/.yarn/__virtual__/@rspack-core-virtual-f57d04e700/0/cache/@rspack-core-npm-1.4.11-6fbee5ea82-56a3a98f34.zip/node_modules/@rspack/core/dist/index.js',
  source: undefined,
  translatorKey: 'commonjs'
}
Error: EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat
    at tryStatSync (node:fs:386:25)
    at readFileSync (node:fs:442:17)
    at getSourceSync (node:internal/modules/esm/load:37:14)
    at createCJSModuleWrap (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:209:32)       
    at ModuleLoader.commonjsStrategy (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:348:10)
    at #translate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:451:20)
    at afterLoad (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:507:29)
    at ModuleLoader.loadAndTranslate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:512:12)  
    at #getOrCreateModuleJobAfterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:555:36)
    at afterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:603:52) {
  errno: -4083,
  code: 'EBADF',
  syscall: 'fstat'
}

[BinToss]

I'm experiencing this issue with commitlint. Originally, it failed when opening commitlint's main module, but that was resolved by yarn unplug commitlint. Now, it occurs when accessing semver. Specifically, file:///home/noah/.yarn/berry/cache/semver-npm-7.7.4-746e538da5-10c0.zip/node_modules/semver/index.js

$ yarn commitlint
node:fs:386
  const stats = binding.fstat(fd, false, undefined, true /* shouldNotThrow */);
                        ^

Error: EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat
    at tryStatSync (node:fs:386:25)
    at readFileSync (node:fs:442:17)
    at getSourceSync (node:internal/modules/esm/load:37:14)
    at createCJSModuleWrap (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:211:32)
    at ModuleLoader.commonjsStrategy (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:350:10)
    at #translate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:451:20)
    at afterLoad (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:507:29)
    at ModuleLoader.loadAndTranslate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:512:12)
    at #getOrCreateModuleJobAfterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:555:36)
    at afterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:603:52) {
  errno: -9,
  code: 'EBADF',
  syscall: 'fstat'
}

Node.js v25.9.0

To learn which package(s) failed to load, I ran the CLI command in a javascript debugger and checked the path variable in the readFileSync part of the call stack.

---

For now, I've locked down Engines in my package.json files and set up NVM.

[brandonbothell]

Is this still happening to anyone else with yarn 4.14.1 on node v24.15 and >=25.7?

I have to set my engines.node to >=18.0 <24.15 || >=25.0 <25.7 and use a strict node version check script in my .yarnrc.yml to guarantee compatibility without confusing errors.

The following error occurs when running mocha with yarn.
Mocha is its latest version, v11.7.5:

λ yarn -v
4.14.1

λ yarn mocha --exit --require ts-node/register/transpile-only --require source-map-support/register --recursive \"./test/*.spec.ts\" --timeout 30000
node:fs:391
  const stats = binding.fstat(fd, false, undefined, true /* shouldNotThrow */);
                        ^

Error: EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat
    at tryStatSync (node:fs:391:25)
    at readFileSync (node:fs:447:17)
    at getSourceSync (node:internal/modules/esm/load:37:14)
    at createCJSModuleWrap (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:210:32)
    at ModuleLoader.commonjsStrategy (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:349:10)
    at #translate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:451:20)
    at afterLoad (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:507:29)
    at ModuleLoader.loadAndTranslate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:512:12)
    at #getOrCreateModuleJobAfterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:555:36)
    at afterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:603:52) {
  errno: -4083,
  code: 'EBADF',
  syscall: 'fstat'
}

Node.js v24.15.0

[jkowalleck]

Is this still happening to anyone else with yarn 4.14.1 on node v24.15 and >=25.7?

Tested: https://github.com/jkowalleck/playground_yarn4_EBADF_tests
Test matrix results: https://github.com/jkowalleck/playground_yarn4_EBADF_tests/actions/runs/24769755781

• still seeing the issue on node26-nightly ubuntu-latest
• still seeing the issue on node26-nightly macos-latest
• still seeing the issue on node25.9.0 ubuntu-latest
• still seeing the issue on node25.9.0 macos-latest
• still seeing the issue on node24.15.0 windows-latest
• seams to be fixed on node26-nightly windows-latest
• seams to be fixed on node25-nightly all
• seams to be fixed on node25.9.0 windows-latest

[brandonbothell]

* seams to be fixed on node25.9.0 windows-latest

On windows 11 using nvm, I'm not sure if this is windows-latest

> nvm use 25.9                                                  
Now using node v25.9.0 (64-bit)
> yarn test:http            
node:fs:386
  const stats = binding.fstat(fd, false, undefined, true /* shouldNotThrow */);
                        ^

Error: EBADF: bad file descriptor, fstat
    at tryStatSync (node:fs:386:25)
    at readFileSync (node:fs:442:17)
    at getSourceSync (node:internal/modules/esm/load:37:14)
    at createCJSModuleWrap (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:211:32)
    at ModuleLoader.commonjsStrategy (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:350:10)
    at #translate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:451:20)
    at afterLoad (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:507:29)
    at ModuleLoader.loadAndTranslate (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:512:12)
    at #getOrCreateModuleJobAfterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:555:36)
    at afterResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:603:52) {
  errno: -4083,
  code: 'EBADF',
  syscall: 'fstat'
}

Node.js v25.9.0

[tfp-rv]

Can confirm, also still experiencing this on Windows with yarn 4.14.1 and node 25.9.0.