Split up `PersistEntity`

[parsonsmatt]

Related to #1037 and #1239

Right now, PersistEntity has a ton of responsibilities. Here's the class definition (minus comments)

class 
    ( PersistField (Key record), ToJSON (Key record), FromJSON (Key record)
    , Show (Key record), Read (Key record), Eq (Key record), Ord (Key record)
    )
  => 
    PersistEntity record 
  where
    type PersistEntityBackend record

    data Key record
    keyToValues :: Key record -> [PersistValue]
    keyFromValues :: [PersistValue] -> Either Text (Key record)
    persistIdField :: EntityField record (Key record)

    entityDef :: proxy record -> EntityDef

    data EntityField record :: Type -> Type
    persistFieldDef :: EntityField record typ -> FieldDef
    toPersistFields :: record -> [SomePersistField]
    fromPersistValues :: [PersistValue] -> Either Text record

    data Unique record
    persistUniqueKeys :: record -> [Unique record]
    persistUniqueToFieldNames :: Unique record -> NonEmpty (FieldNameHS, FieldNameDB)
    persistUniqueToValues :: Unique record -> [PersistValue]

    fieldLens :: EntityField record field
              -> (forall f. Functor f => (field -> f field) -> Entity record -> f (Entity record))

    keyFromRecordM :: Maybe (record -> Key record)
    keyFromRecordM = Nothing

So, a PersistEntity record implies:

• There's a specific PersistEntityBackend record that the type must be used with (probably can be deleted with Deprecate mpsGeneric #1250 )
• There's a primary Key for the record.
  • That key can be converted into a [PersistValue], and parsed from a [PersistValue]
  • There's a specific EntityField that directly corresponds to that primary key (this is false for composite keys)
• You can get an entityDef Proxy :: EntityDef for a given type.
• There is an EntityField instance for the type.
• You can convert the type into a [SomePersistField] and parse one out of a [PersistValue].
• The record has uniqueness keys. Rethink Unique #1239
  • Uniqueness keys can be converted into a [PersistValue] (but not parsed - there's no [PersistValue] -> Either Text (Unique record)?)
  • Uniqueness keys have a NonEmpty (FieldNameHS, FieldNameDB) associated - like a FieldDef or EntityDef
  • Primary keys and Unique keys are not interchangeable.

This is too much.

Here's a sketch of how I'd like to refactor this. First, I want to have classes for things that can be rendered into a database with multiple columns, as well as a class for parsing them out.

class ToPersistValues a where
    toPersistValues :: a -> [PersistValue]

class FromPersistValues a where
    -- note that we may want this to be something like Either Text ([PersistValue], a)
    -- if the idea is that we parse multiple columns, then it makes sense to have left overs
    fromPersistValues :: [PersistValue] -> Either Text a    

We can pretty easily have an instance of PersistField a => ToPersistValues (Only a). And we can make tuples for parsing out lots of stuff.

In #1133 I talk about using prairie, which pulls out EntityField, persistFieldLens, and other things from PersistEntity. That may not be feasible until we get the separation of types for inserting/reading from the database. I'm not sure if that's necessary.

Then that leaves our Key and Unique stuff. #1239 I think I'll put most of my thoughts in there about how to resolve it.

---

So, I think, for a path forward:

1. Implement the To/FromPersistValues classes and make them superclasses of PersistEntity.
2. Figure out the uniqueness keys design
   a. Do we want to make that a superclass? It doesn't make sense for all things... it is perfectly possible in SQL to have a table without a primary key.