Add Boost 1.83.0

[srherbener]

Description

This PR adds the version statement in the boost package.py script for the latest Boost version: 1.83.0. This change was formed by cherry picking the commit from the authoritative spack repo.

Issue(s) addressed

Partial resolution of JCSDA/spack-stack/issues/874

Dependencies

List the other PRs that this PR is dependent on:
None

Impact

Expected impact on downstream repositories:
This PR needs to be merged before: JCSDA/spack-stack/pull/875

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (N/A)
• I have run the unit tests before creating the PR

[climbfuji]

I noticed the style checks failed with a cryptic error message. I am rerunning it, just in case it was a one off. See https://github.com/JCSDA/spack/actions/runs/6894361625/job/18757898415

[climbfuji]

CI is still failing in style checks:

==> Running mypy checks
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:204: error: Item "None" of "Optional[Match[Any]]" has no attribute "lastgroup"  [union-attr]
==> Error: spack style found errors
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:204: note: Error code "union-attr" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:204: error: Invalid index type "Union[str, None, Any]" for "MappingProxyType[str, TokenType]"; expected type "str"  [index]
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:204: note: Error code "index" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:205: error: Item "None" of "Optional[Match[Any]]" has no attribute "group"  [union-attr]
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:205: note: Error code "union-attr" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:206: error: Item "None" of "Optional[Match[Any]]" has no attribute "start"  [union-attr]
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:206: note: Error code "union-attr" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:207: error: Item "None" of "Optional[Match[Any]]" has no attribute "end"  [union-attr]
lib/spack/spack/parser.py:207: note: Error code "union-attr" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
Found 5 errors in 1 file (checked 577 source files)
  mypy found errors

[srherbener]

I noticed the style checks failed with a cryptic error message. I am rerunning it, just in case it was a one off. See https://github.com/JCSDA/spack/actions/runs/6894361625/job/18757898415

Strange - the style check appears to be flagging errors in lib/spack/spack/parser.py which of course is not part of this PR. Is this perhaps a change where the lib/spack/spack directory used to be ignored and now is not, or the style checker itself was upgraded and now finds "new" issues?

[climbfuji]

Triggered CI for unmodified spack code (jcsda_emc_spack_stack) in #368 ...

[climbfuji]

style CI also failed for the test PR #368, therefore we can go ahead and merge this.