[AIP-62] Translate AIP-60 URI to OpenLineage

[kacpermuda]

closes: #38767

For important changes look at the first commit, then for example implementation look at the second commit.

For Airflow Dataset I've added:

• _get_normalized_scheme() function that still does scheme.lower() underneath but now we can also use this in OL provider and be sure that we are using the same mechanism everywhere.
• Dataset.normalized_uri property - so that we can retrieve a normalized and AIP-60 compliant uri or None in all other cases (not an uri, no scheme, no normalizer etc.). At first i thought that in Airflow 3 we could just use Dataset.uri, as it will raise an error when a normalizer fails, but there can still be schems without a normalizer defined so i felt like this is needed.

Also small adjustment to ProvidersManager: I felt like this dataset-uris part of provider.yml is getting complex, so i re-wrote the _discover_dataset_uri_handlers method to be more flexible for future expansions (f.e. OL to AIP-60 converters).

This Pr should be only merged AFTER #40335.

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[mobuchowski]

@uranusjr this is how we want to use AIP-60 datasets in OpenLineage

[kacpermuda]

I believe this PR is ready to be reviewed, however it should probably NOT be merged before #40335 gets merged.