[C++] Validate that intraday time is zeroed out in Date64 data

[asfimport]

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm

Related issues:

• [C++] Validate temporal data in ValidateArrayFull (duplicates)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-9705. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

David Li / @lidavidm:
Looks like a duplicate was filed later, but I'll close this one as the other is linked to other related issues.