[branch-2.1](function) fix date_format and from_unixtime core when meet long format string (#35883)

[zclllyybb]

pick #35883

Proposed changes

before:
crash

now:

mysql> SELECT  DATE_FORMAT('2011-06-24', '%f %V %f %l %V %I %S %p %w %r %j %f %l %I %D %w %j %D %e %s %V %f %D %M %s %X %U %v %c %u %x %r %j %a %h %s %m %a %v %u %b');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| date_format(cast('2011-06-24' as DATETIMEV2(0)), '%f %V %f %l %V %I %S %p %w %r %j %f %l %I %D %w %j %D %e %s %V %f %D %M %s %X %U %v %c %u %x %r %j %a %h %s %m %a %v %u %b') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                                                                                                                                                           |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.80 sec)

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[zclllyybb]

run buildall

[github-actions]

clang-tidy made some suggestions

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