branch-3.0: [fix](schema-change) Make sc job state updated after the table state is changed

[github-actions]

PR Body:

Proposed changes

Similar to #39327

Note that schema change job state and table state should be atomic and persistent, but neither is ensured by current implementation. We should optimize this point in the future.
Cherry-picked from #42670

[github-actions]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

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[dataroaring]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 40199 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit a18b211c6e045283a78e9ab7fb55ee8222f5dc19, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17557	7343	7245	7245
q2	2078	167	155	155
q3	10685	1044	1171	1044
q4	10549	727	769	727
q5	7741	2745	2815	2745
q6	232	148	145	145
q7	974	601	615	601
q8	9362	1948	1965	1948
q9	6525	6412	6419	6412
q10	6955	2271	2292	2271
q11	452	261	257	257
q12	416	212	215	212
q13	17781	2940	2968	2940
q14	229	203	215	203
q15	574	519	502	502
q16	669	606	591	591
q17	958	528	528	528
q18	7144	6429	6473	6429
q19	3977	1015	1074	1015
q20	486	191	198	191
q21	3960	3084	3064	3064
q22	1063	999	974	974
Total cold run time: 110367 ms
Total hot run time: 40199 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	7365	7177	7205	7177
q2	414	311	297	297
q3	2907	2834	2848	2834
q4	2037	1722	1750	1722
q5	5611	5591	5688	5591
q6	225	142	143	142
q7	2181	1808	1753	1753
q8	3317	3514	3466	3466
q9	8822	8857	8735	8735
q10	3549	3486	3488	3486
q11	580	490	499	490
q12	787	584	616	584
q13	16475	3157	3103	3103
q14	299	266	274	266
q15	605	543	558	543
q16	718	669	659	659
q17	1853	1645	1617	1617
q18	8347	7750	7603	7603
q19	3091	1557	1554	1554
q20	2064	1863	1819	1819
q21	5486	5429	5405	5405
q22	1086	1048	981	981
Total cold run time: 77819 ms
Total hot run time: 59827 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 192060 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit a18b211c6e045283a78e9ab7fb55ee8222f5dc19, data reload: false

query1	2459	2254	2037	2037
query2	6236	2100	2000	2000
query3	14310	9887	241	241
query4	34591	23424	23323	23323
query5	5458	440	416	416
query6	267	184	177	177
query7	4047	301	301	301
query8	299	247	234	234
query9	9386	2651	2630	2630
query10	502	270	266	266
query11	18296	15052	15034	15034
query12	147	102	99	99
query13	1544	432	412	412
query14	10023	6887	7397	6887
query15	250	174	178	174
query16	7169	533	502	502
query17	1534	586	597	586
query18	2276	612	635	612
query19	267	185	201	185
query20	128	114	111	111
query21	211	115	111	111
query22	4716	4284	4089	4089
query23	35055	34019	33661	33661
query24	7619	3289	3287	3287
query25	562	396	398	396
query26	739	181	181	181
query27	1829	290	290	290
query28	4039	2500	2472	2472
query29	704	430	428	428
query30	372	304	299	299
query31	1002	801	812	801
query32	77	54	55	54
query33	493	283	279	279
query34	894	495	499	495
query35	811	735	743	735
query36	1062	943	943	943
query37	121	79	71	71
query38	3906	3851	3808	3808
query39	1514	1418	1403	1403
query40	204	101	100	100
query41	54	50	51	50
query42	112	97	96	96
query43	517	499	482	482
query44	1140	801	780	780
query45	183	165	164	164
query46	1122	705	706	705
query47	1909	1827	1822	1822
query48	461	363	365	363
query49	744	393	383	383
query50	821	413	399	399
query51	7002	7037	7087	7037
query52	102	85	89	85
query53	249	185	184	184
query54	552	445	448	445
query55	79	75	77	75
query56	277	247	233	233
query57	1185	1120	1112	1112
query58	221	216	213	213
query59	3067	2940	2895	2895
query60	275	246	243	243
query61	101	126	101	101
query62	770	683	657	657
query63	202	188	184	184
query64	3278	614	593	593
query65	3191	3207	3183	3183
query66	682	305	299	299
query67	16042	15309	15545	15309
query68	4513	578	566	566
query69	405	251	276	251
query70	1087	1124	1116	1116
query71	331	254	267	254
query72	6273	3900	3786	3786
query73	753	335	337	335
query74	10099	8990	8918	8918
query75	3328	2612	2626	2612
query76	2095	867	861	861
query77	376	262	256	256
query78	10709	9650	9657	9650
query79	5904	594	581	581
query80	2105	420	429	420
query81	554	243	243	243
query82	942	118	118	118
query83	292	158	160	158
query84	294	78	81	78
query85	1769	287	277	277
query86	474	314	272	272
query87	4487	4210	4149	4149
query88	5377	2355	2377	2355
query89	575	286	289	286
query90	2339	175	176	175
query91	175	143	144	143
query92	67	48	48	48
query93	7313	544	543	543
query94	1021	282	291	282
query95	343	245	241	241
query96	639	282	282	282
query97	3404	3133	3111	3111
query98	217	199	194	194
query99	1606	1302	1277	1277
Total cold run time: 309323 ms
Total hot run time: 192060 ms