[Bug fix] The partition table is cleaned incorrectly when set only device TTL for tree mode

[CRZbulabula]

This PR aims to close issue #17030.

We found that our partition table is cleaned incorrectly when set only device TTL for tree mode. In fact, the old data partitions could be deleted if and only if:

1. The corresponding database has set a database-level TTL.
2. The data partition is existed longer than the maximum TTL among all defined TTL under the corresponding database.

To avoid this fatal bug occurs again, we also append a CI for this case.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 27 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 39.46%. Comparing base (b6c7300) to head (278f6c9).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../org/apache/iotdb/commons/schema/ttl/TTLCache.java	0.00%	12 Missing ⚠️
...rg/apache/iotdb/confignode/manager/TTLManager.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...g/apache/iotdb/confignode/persistence/TTLInfo.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...onfignode/procedure/PartitionTableAutoCleaner.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #17123      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     39.49%   39.46%   -0.04%     
  Complexity      282      282              
============================================
  Files          5097     5097              
  Lines        341142   341166      +24     
  Branches      43447    43452       +5     
============================================
- Hits         134748   134655      -93     
- Misses       206394   206511     +117     

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
4 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud