[To dev/1.3][Bug fix] The partition table is cleaned incorrectly when set only device TTL for tree mode (#17123)

[CRZbulabula]

This PR aims to close issue #17030.

We found that our partition table is cleaned incorrectly when set only device TTL for tree mode. In fact, the old data partitions could be deleted if and only if:

The corresponding database has set a database-level TTL.
The data partition is existed longer than the maximum TTL among all defined TTL under the corresponding database.
To avoid this fatal bug occurs again, we also append a CI for this case.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
1 New issue
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 25 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 41.31%. Comparing base (0861162) to head (7329ae5).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on dev/1.3.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../org/apache/iotdb/commons/schema/ttl/TTLCache.java	0.00%	12 Missing ⚠️
...rg/apache/iotdb/confignode/manager/TTLManager.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...g/apache/iotdb/confignode/persistence/TTLInfo.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...onfignode/procedure/PartitionTableAutoCleaner.java	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##             dev/1.3   #17126      +/-   ##
=============================================
- Coverage      41.32%   41.31%   -0.02%     
  Complexity       198      198              
=============================================
  Files           3595     3595              
  Lines         236250   236274      +24     
  Branches       28585    28590       +5     
=============================================
- Hits           97634    97620      -14     
- Misses        138616   138654      +38     

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