[SPARK-51420][SQL][FOLLOWUP] Support all valid TIME precisions in the minute function

[the-sakthi]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

• Followup to the original PR: [SPARK-51420][SQL] Get minutes of TIME datatype #50296
• Extend the minute(...) function (MinutesOfTime) to handle TIME types of any precision from 0 to 6.
• Add tests verifying that minute(...) works for all valid TIME precisions.

Why are the changes needed?

• Previously, minute(...) did not consistently support TIME type inputs with arbitrary precision.
• Users need the minute function to handle TIME(0) through TIME(6).

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

• Yes. Users can now call minute(...) on TIME(p) columns or literals with any valid precision.

How was this patch tested?

By running new tests:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimeExpressionsSuite.scala"

By manual tests:

scala> spark.sql("select minute(cast('12:30' as time(0)));").show()
+------------------------------+
|minute(CAST(12:30 AS TIME(0)))|
+------------------------------+
|                            30|
+------------------------------+


scala> spark.sql("select minute(cast('12:30' as time(2)));").show()
+------------------------------+
|minute(CAST(12:30 AS TIME(2)))|
+------------------------------+
|                            30|
+------------------------------+


scala> spark.sql("select minute(cast('12:30' as time(5)));").show()
+------------------------------+
|minute(CAST(12:30 AS TIME(5)))|
+------------------------------+
|                            30|
+------------------------------+

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No

[the-sakthi]

@MaxGekk This should fix the concern on the original PR. Let me know.

[MaxGekk]

+1, LGTM. Merging to master.
Thank you, @the-sakthi.

[the-sakthi]

Thank you very much, @MaxGekk !