Fix BUSL license checker to skip >= 1.17.x target branches

[analogue]

Description

Just testing this out on the release branch and then will rubberstamp in all the places.

Testing & Reproduction steps

$ cat crap.sh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
#!/bin/bash
# Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

if [[ ${GITHUB_BASE_REF} == release/1.14.* ]] || [[ ${GITHUB_BASE_REF} == release/1.15.* ]] || [[ ${GITHUB_BASE_REF} == release/1.16.* ]]; then
    echo "Matched!"
else
    echo "skipped"
fi%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.14.x" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.14.2" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.15.x" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.15.4" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.16.x" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.16.4" ./crap.sh
Matched!

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.17.x" ./crap.sh
skipped

$ GITHUB_BASE_REF="release/1.17.0" ./crap.sh
skipped

[analogue]

Results:

https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/actions/runs/6488227092/job/17620216610?pr=19152

Run ./.github/scripts/license_checker.sh
./.github/scripts/license_checker.sh
shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
Skipping BUSL check since release/1.17.x not one of release/1.14.*, release/1.15.*, or release/1.16.*.