Both the installation wizard and running Nextcloud instances are claiming that both the PDO ("pdo_sqlite") and vendor specific ("sqlite3") driver are needed.
If the vendor specific driver ("sqlite3") is missing there's a warning

right when the wizard should come up or the URL of a running instance (which had been setup with both drivers available before) is opened.
If the PDO driver is missing there's a warning

upon completing the wizard while a running instance (set up as depicted in previous paragraph) simply turns into a blank page.
To my knowledge it isn't common practice to use the two drivers in parallel suggesting this is a bug.
It looks somewhat similar to the problem of PostgreSQL addressed in #367.
Seen running 09e1218 or release 10.0.0 on Arch Linux x86_64, SQLite 3.14.2, Apache 2.4.23, PHP 7.0.11 via mod_php.