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[ai] Fix fatal stream errors surfacing as [object Object]#1589

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VaguelySerious merged 1 commit intomainfrom
peter/issue-1545
Apr 2, 2026
Merged

[ai] Fix fatal stream errors surfacing as [object Object]#1589
VaguelySerious merged 1 commit intomainfrom
peter/issue-1545

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@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious commented Apr 2, 2026

Summary

Closes #1545

  • Extract getErrorMessage() utility that prefers error.message, then JSON.stringify() for plain objects, avoiding the String(error) → [object Object] pitfall
  • Replace String(error) in do-stream-step.ts (error chunk serialization) and workflow-chat-transport.ts (reconnection error message)
  • Remove duplicate local getErrorMessage from durable-agent.ts in favor of the shared utility

Test plan

  • Unit tests for getErrorMessage covering Error instances, strings, plain objects, null/undefined, arrays
  • Integration test for WorkflowChatTransport reconnection error formatting
  • Existing do-stream-step and workflow-chat-transport tests pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 857 0 67 924
✅ 💻 Local Development 830 0 178 1008
✅ 📦 Local Production 830 0 178 1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 830 0 178 1008
✅ 🪟 Windows 76 0 8 84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 132 60 24 216
✅ 📋 Other 210 0 42 252
Total 3765 60 675 4500

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN7GS337TPTYK7QKWVHCWDZQ
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GSC3H5ASNMK8XG9X23XYV
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN7H1NR296SMB0F87XJSF5EE

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN7GS337TPTYK7QKWVHCWDZQ
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN7H1NR296SMB0F87XJSF5EE

turso (55 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GQQAR1SWSXTXYRW44QQSS
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GQQAR1SWSXTXYRW44QQSS
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KN7GR5PVK4KBV8D5TJKTWWV4
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GQYBQ0N0AWXF0HDP7VNEE
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GR478WXC1WZ6RWWE1V8B9
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GR8VM5K942MM4X4ZDZ0BS
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GRGA1MD1K791H4FGPJM3D
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GRPMKY0PMQJB2SFTT03RW
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN7GS337TPTYK7QKWVHCWDZQ
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GSC3H5ASNMK8XG9X23XYV
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GSK6EG90M50F3RE3HYXJR
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GSZ1XTSRZDSKR1W6V8090
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GT2QJBQN36J0HYCZP5XDM
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GT543S402H9YMCE0TJ99D
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GX9XD5BKJC7JP19M897Y0
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KN7GXDKEQQJ81QZHM9C6Y9N4
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KN7H10QPZT5JRN6818RZWHNG
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN7H1NR296SMB0F87XJSF5EE
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KN7H2C7KFFSQNSPKJEGFAV78
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KN7H30BPFS6XTMPE379F5R01
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KN7H39HMCXTHCJD477W114CZ
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KN7H3F7QVP3NREXQMMWETNCH
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KN7H3HHGSCYVRZ3ED6GQC8C7
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KN7H41MEXWA86QHKGZTAB06F
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KN7H49BRPW9KRV46D85MDVSC
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KN7H4F4V8YDHGVMJSZF2P8MH
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KN7H4PB76N3YGD7SGS4M9C5F
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KN7H4X6BK8TGBXZM62CS5TVC
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KN7H545NDCJP35ABTJ36SXMC
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KN7H5B145BGSRKZYXF1JZVNE
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KN7H5QKT0PZ4EH7PZSZMA2GC
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KN7H5ZN6PSYR3VVDCP0YX0X7
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KN7H66MQ9SQDG5T2HC87QH3K
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KN7H6GNJYDAQGBC0Z4NN51KG
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KN7H6X0KDFV9NR6AAXQTM7E9
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KN7H7K6MX6C3GH9SKY1FWK4J
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KN7H7YD7B2781BB6E5M71FNC
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KN7H85948P7H37GB7HH6CTTD

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 77 0 7
✅ example 77 0 7
✅ express 77 0 7
✅ fastify 77 0 7
✅ hono 77 0 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 82 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 82 0 2
✅ nitro 77 0 7
✅ nuxt 77 0 7
✅ sveltekit 77 0 7
✅ vite 77 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 76 0 8
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 5 0 0
❌ mongodb 56 3 8
✅ redis-dev 5 0 0
❌ redis 57 2 8
✅ turso-dev 5 0 0
❌ turso 4 55 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 70 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 70 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 70 0 14

📋 View full workflow run

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9076035

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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@workflow/ai Patch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.042s (-7.8% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.964s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.044s (-1.6%) 1.005s (~) 0.961s 10 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.059s (-15.6% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.952s 10 1.42x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.066s (-4.1%) 1.013s (~) 0.947s 10 1.59x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.511s (-13.8% 🟢) 2.708s (+9.9% 🔺) 2.196s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.553s (+5.5% 🔺) 2.245s (-18.3% 🟢) 1.692s 10 1.08x
▲ Vercel Express 1.012s (+101.0% 🔺) 2.939s (+9.1% 🔺) 1.926s 10 1.98x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.126s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.879s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.128s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.878s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.151s (~) 2.012s (~) 0.861s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.160s (+0.8%) 2.014s (~) 0.854s 10 1.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.102s (+0.9%) 3.446s (-11.6% 🟢) 1.344s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.502s (+10.5% 🔺) 4.175s (+5.5% 🔺) 1.674s 10 1.19x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.571s (+22.9% 🔺) 4.189s (+7.3% 🔺) 1.618s 10 1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 10.873s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.148s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.909s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.113s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Express 10.913s (~) 11.023s (~) 0.110s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 10.913s (~) 11.023s (~) 0.111s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 16.596s (-27.9% 🟢) 17.508s (-31.1% 🟢) 0.912s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 17.180s (-2.0%) 19.299s (-1.8%) 2.119s 2 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 18.024s (+5.5% 🔺) 19.936s (+4.2%) 1.912s 2 1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 14.534s (~) 15.027s (~) 0.493s 4 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.687s (+0.5%) 15.024s (~) 0.337s 4 1.01x
💻 Local Express 14.887s (~) 15.028s (~) 0.141s 4 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 14.895s (-0.6%) 15.028s (~) 0.133s 4 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 31.299s (-5.6% 🟢) 33.383s (-4.8%) 2.083s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 31.847s (-9.0% 🟢) 33.274s (-9.6% 🟢) 1.427s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro 32.376s (+0.7%) 33.455s (-2.0%) 1.079s 2 1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 13.972s (-0.9%) 14.453s (-1.9%) 0.481s 7 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.057s (-2.3%) 14.739s (-1.9%) 0.682s 7 1.01x
💻 Local Express 16.484s (-0.8%) 17.029s (~) 0.545s 6 1.18x
💻 Local Nitro 16.573s (~) 17.030s (~) 0.457s 6 1.19x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 51.769s (-10.0% 🟢) 53.091s (-11.5% 🟢) 1.322s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 52.377s (-6.7% 🟢) 53.931s (-7.3% 🟢) 1.555s 2 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 54.233s (-9.4% 🟢) 56.368s (-8.4% 🟢) 2.135s 2 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.269s (~) 2.012s (~) 0.743s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.303s (+3.2%) 2.011s (~) 0.708s 15 1.03x
💻 Local Express 1.515s (-1.6%) 2.006s (~) 0.490s 15 1.19x
💻 Local Nitro 1.534s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.472s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.426s (-6.8% 🟢) 3.889s (-4.3%) 1.463s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.483s (-4.1%) 3.875s (-13.6% 🟢) 1.392s 8 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.733s (+12.1% 🔺) 3.909s (-3.2%) 1.176s 9 1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.338s (-1.2%) 3.011s (~) 0.672s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.365s (+0.7%) 3.009s (~) 0.644s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 2.833s (-3.2%) 3.208s (+6.6% 🔺) 0.376s 10 1.21x
💻 Local Nitro 2.858s (-3.6%) 3.008s (-12.9% 🟢) 0.150s 10 1.22x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.846s (-21.7% 🟢) 5.001s (-1.8%) 2.155s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.177s (+11.6% 🔺) 4.392s (+2.9%) 1.214s 7 1.12x
▲ Vercel Express 3.499s (+33.1% 🔺) 5.215s (+19.5% 🔺) 1.716s 6 1.23x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.448s (-0.8%) 4.009s (~) 0.561s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.473s (~) 4.012s (~) 0.539s 8 1.01x
💻 Local Express 7.910s (-3.0%) 8.271s (-8.3% 🟢) 0.361s 4 2.29x
💻 Local Nitro 7.998s (~) 8.518s (~) 0.520s 4 2.32x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.912s (-4.1%) 4.165s (-17.6% 🟢) 1.253s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.636s (-4.9%) 5.318s (-9.1% 🟢) 1.682s 6 1.25x
▲ Vercel Express 3.663s (~) 5.390s (-5.1% 🟢) 1.728s 6 1.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.262s (+0.6%) 2.010s (~) 0.748s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.270s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.740s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.510s (-4.2%) 2.005s (~) 0.495s 15 1.20x
💻 Local Express 1.528s (-1.8%) 2.006s (~) 0.478s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.366s (+2.0%) 4.149s (+3.5%) 1.784s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.512s (+6.1% 🔺) 4.108s (+3.0%) 1.596s 8 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.704s (+10.4% 🔺) 3.957s (-1.0%) 1.253s 8 1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.324s (-1.4%) 3.010s (~) 0.686s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.341s (+1.0%) 3.010s (~) 0.668s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 2.892s (-7.4% 🟢) 3.342s (-14.0% 🟢) 0.450s 9 1.24x
💻 Local Nitro 2.968s (-2.6%) 3.453s (-11.1% 🟢) 0.485s 9 1.28x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.788s (-3.7%) 3.977s (-7.8% 🟢) 1.189s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.946s (-5.4% 🟢) 4.662s (~) 1.716s 7 1.06x
▲ Vercel Express 2.957s (+1.1%) 4.596s (+1.2%) 1.639s 7 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.459s (-1.1%) 4.010s (~) 0.550s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.475s (~) 4.011s (~) 0.536s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 8.469s (-1.7%) 9.022s (~) 0.553s 4 2.45x
💻 Local Express 8.547s (-3.4%) 9.027s (-2.7%) 0.479s 4 2.47x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.920s (+17.6% 🔺) 5.072s (+5.7% 🔺) 1.152s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.948s (+33.9% 🔺) 5.468s (+22.6% 🔺) 1.519s 6 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.961s (+4.2%) 5.693s (~) 1.732s 6 1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.816s (-3.5%) 1.007s (~) 0.191s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.858s (+2.0%) 1.008s (~) 0.150s 60 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 0.968s (-2.0%) 1.021s (-13.5% 🟢) 0.053s 59 1.19x
💻 Local Express 0.980s (~) 1.181s (~) 0.201s 51 1.20x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 9.331s (-9.1% 🟢) 11.155s (-8.9% 🟢) 1.824s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 9.789s (-14.2% 🟢) 11.753s (-12.4% 🟢) 1.964s 6 1.05x
▲ Vercel Express 9.950s (-0.9%) 11.646s (-4.0%) 1.696s 6 1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.940s (-4.5%) 2.101s (-22.6% 🟢) 0.162s 43 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.043s (+1.1%) 2.686s (+1.8%) 0.643s 34 1.05x
💻 Local Express 2.977s (-1.9%) 3.258s (-9.2% 🟢) 0.281s 28 1.53x
💻 Local Nitro 3.002s (~) 3.508s (-2.8%) 0.506s 26 1.55x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 28.664s (-16.4% 🟢) 30.000s (-17.4% 🟢) 1.336s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 29.148s (-14.1% 🟢) 30.963s (-13.0% 🟢) 1.815s 3 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 30.987s (-9.7% 🟢) 33.026s (-8.4% 🟢) 2.039s 3 1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.944s (-3.9%) 4.148s (-13.8% 🟢) 0.205s 29 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 4.138s (~) 4.973s (+2.5%) 0.836s 25 1.05x
💻 Local Express 9.081s (-1.3%) 9.633s (-3.8%) 0.552s 13 2.30x
💻 Local Nitro 9.158s (~) 9.941s (+1.6%) 0.783s 13 2.32x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 72.335s (-16.4% 🟢) 74.331s (-16.0% 🟢) 1.996s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 73.403s (-16.4% 🟢) 75.121s (-16.3% 🟢) 1.719s 2 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 76.103s (-17.4% 🟢) 77.903s (-17.0% 🟢) 1.801s 2 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.281s (-5.1% 🟢) 1.008s (~) 0.727s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.287s (-2.9%) 1.008s (~) 0.721s 60 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 0.573s (-1.1%) 1.004s (~) 0.431s 60 2.04x
💻 Local Express 0.594s (-2.6%) 1.005s (-1.6%) 0.411s 60 2.12x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 1.556s (-7.9% 🟢) 2.810s (-17.3% 🟢) 1.254s 22 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 1.816s (+4.2%) 3.407s (+2.8%) 1.591s 18 1.17x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.025s (+1.1%) 3.547s (-3.1%) 1.522s 17 1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.491s (-4.8%) 1.008s (~) 0.517s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.514s (-1.8%) 1.008s (~) 0.494s 90 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 2.483s (-2.7%) 3.009s (~) 0.526s 30 5.06x
💻 Local Express 2.538s (~) 3.008s (~) 0.470s 30 5.17x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.989s (-4.8%) 4.649s (-4.7%) 1.659s 20 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.249s (-20.0% 🟢) 4.624s (-18.1% 🟢) 1.375s 20 1.09x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.089s (-92.7% 🟢) 5.771s (-90.0% 🟢) 1.682s 16 1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.782s (-2.5%) 1.008s (~) 0.226s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.858s (+4.3%) 1.029s (+1.9%) 0.172s 117 1.10x
💻 Local Nitro 11.067s (-1.0%) 11.848s (+0.8%) 0.781s 11 14.14x
💻 Local Express 11.119s (-1.2%) 11.577s (-2.3%) 0.458s 11 14.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 6.493s (-21.5% 🟢) 7.819s (-22.7% 🟢) 1.325s 16 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 7.578s (-2.6%) 9.441s (+1.3%) 1.863s 13 1.17x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 8.529s (+8.1% 🔺) 10.334s (+7.4% 🔺) 1.805s 12 1.31x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.198s (-6.5% 🟢) 0.997s (~) 0.001s (+16.7% 🔺) 1.012s (~) 0.814s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.207s (~) 1.004s (~) 0.011s (-8.3% 🟢) 1.017s (~) 0.810s 10 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 0.213s (+5.0% 🔺) 1.003s (~) 0.011s (+3.7%) 1.017s (~) 0.804s 10 1.08x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.217s (-1.5%) 0.993s (~) 0.001s (-14.3% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.793s 10 1.10x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.660s (~) 3.076s (+8.1% 🔺) 0.339s (-45.4% 🟢) 4.020s (-3.4%) 2.360s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 1.695s (+2.1%) 2.626s (-8.5% 🟢) 0.635s (+13.4% 🔺) 3.791s (-7.7% 🟢) 2.097s 10 1.02x
▲ Vercel Express 1.752s (+0.9%) 3.072s (-1.4%) 0.341s (-46.6% 🟢) 4.037s (-11.6% 🟢) 2.284s 10 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.609s (-2.3%) 1.002s (~) 0.004s (-3.3%) 1.023s (~) 0.414s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.642s (+3.1%) 1.004s (~) 0.004s (-1.3%) 1.024s (~) 0.383s 59 1.05x
💻 Local Express 0.716s (-1.6%) 1.010s (~) 0.009s (+12.4% 🔺) 1.022s (~) 0.306s 59 1.18x
💻 Local Nitro 0.720s (-1.2%) 1.010s (~) 0.009s (+8.5% 🔺) 1.022s (~) 0.303s 59 1.18x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 4.275s (+1.5%) 5.590s (+1.8%) 0.237s (-52.0% 🟢) 6.530s (-1.5%) 2.255s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.543s (+10.0% 🔺) 5.489s (+3.0%) 0.266s (+12.5% 🔺) 6.251s (~) 1.707s 10 1.06x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.951s (-18.7% 🟢) 6.407s (-16.5% 🟢) 0.379s (+65.9% 🔺) 7.439s (-13.7% 🟢) 2.489s 9 1.16x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.958s (-4.3%) 1.122s (-17.2% 🟢) 0.000s (-59.3% 🟢) 1.138s (-17.5% 🟢) 0.180s 54 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.994s (+2.7%) 1.247s (+2.0%) 0.000s (+104.3% 🔺) 1.284s (+2.6%) 0.290s 47 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 1.223s (-1.9%) 2.021s (~) 0.000s (~) 2.024s (~) 0.801s 30 1.28x
💻 Local Express 1.232s (-0.9%) 2.020s (~) 0.001s (+114.3% 🔺) 2.023s (~) 0.791s 30 1.29x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.881s (+15.6% 🔺) 5.264s (+22.6% 🔺) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 5.734s (+14.6% 🔺) 1.853s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 4.222s (+19.3% 🔺) 5.352s (+18.8% 🔺) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 6.038s (+16.0% 🔺) 1.816s 10 1.09x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.545s (+44.0% 🔺) 5.722s (+33.1% 🔺) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 6.426s (+30.0% 🔺) 1.881s 10 1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.774s (-1.1%) 2.139s (~) 0.000s (~) 2.153s (~) 0.379s 28 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.838s (+3.4%) 2.101s (-0.9%) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.116s (-2.3%) 0.278s 29 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 3.487s (-3.4%) 4.034s (-1.6%) 0.001s (+55.6% 🔺) 4.038s (-1.6%) 0.551s 15 1.97x
💻 Local Express 3.566s (+2.9%) 4.098s (+1.6%) 0.001s (+10.0% 🔺) 4.102s (+1.6%) 0.536s 15 2.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 4.430s (+0.6%) 5.360s (-2.5%) 0.000s (NaN%) 6.043s (-2.0%) 1.613s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.512s (-1.8%) 5.376s (-4.4%) 0.001s (+1263.6% 🔺) 5.860s (-7.0% 🟢) 1.348s 11 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.690s (-1.8%) 5.859s (-0.6%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 6.560s (-0.7%) 1.870s 10 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Express 13/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 18/21
▲ Vercel Nitro 11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Next.js (Turbopack) ▲ Vercel 21/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

@vercel vercel Bot temporarily deployed to Preview – workflow-docs April 2, 2026 16:30 Inactive
@vercel vercel Bot temporarily deployed to Preview – workflow-docs April 2, 2026 16:31 Inactive
@VaguelySerious @claude
[ai] Fix fatal stream errors surfacing as [object Object]
9076035 
Replace String(error) with getErrorMessage() that prefers error.message,
falls back to JSON.stringify for plain objects, avoiding the [object Object]
pitfall. Extract shared utility from durable-agent.ts and use it in
do-stream-step.ts and workflow-chat-transport.ts.

Closes #1545

Signed-off-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious marked this pull request as ready for review April 2, 2026 17:43
@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code owner April 2, 2026 17:44
karthikscale3
karthikscale3 reviewed Apr 2, 2026
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AI review: Approve — correct fix, well-scoped, low regression risk.

  1. Complete coverage: Both String(error) call sites in @workflow/ai are fixed. The existing getErrorMessage in durable-agent.ts is properly deduplicated into the shared utility.

  2. Integration test is fragile: The reconnection error formatting test does a second reader.read() after the reader is already in an error state — the assertion may not execute reliably. The unit tests on getErrorMessage itself are solid though.

  3. Edge case: JSON.stringify can throw on circular references. Matches AI SDK's own getErrorMessage behavior so it's consistent, but a try/catch fallback would be more defensive.

@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious merged commit c0f07a9 into main Apr 2, 2026
105 checks passed
@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious deleted the peter/issue-1545 branch April 2, 2026 19:37
@ghost ghost mentioned this pull request Apr 2, 2026
Merged
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 3, 2026
@pranaygp
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into pranaygp/codex/pr-149…
5aabffa 
…1-refresh

* origin/main: (21 commits)
  Fix node-module-error plugin matching identifiers in multi-line comments (#1554)
  fix(swc-plugin): use binding name for class expression method registrations (#1599)
  fix(builders): override `sideEffects: false` for discovered workflow/step/serde entries (#1598)
  [world-vercel] align header names to `x-vercel-workflow-*` convention (#1602)
  [docs] Add vercel world consumer function security documentation (#1543)
  Make `start()` types `unknown` when `deploymentId` is provided (#1367)
  fix(next): stop force-setting WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 during next dev (#1597)
  Version Packages (beta) (#1593)
  [docs] Tidy world API docs and document new stream helpers (#1581)
  Rename 'Workflow Development Kit' / 'DevKit' to 'Workflow SDK' (#1595)
  [world] Use zod/v4 in queue files to match @workflow/world schemas (#1588)
  [ai] Fix fatal stream errors surfacing as [object Object] (#1589)
  [web] Fix server crash on unmatched routes (#1590)
  docs: rename 'Complex Example' to 'Instance Methods as Steps' (#1592)
  Version Packages (beta) (#1563)
  [core] Extend flow route duration to "max" and fail runs where replay takes too long (#1567)
  fix: check target run capabilities before encrypting hook payloads (#1572)
  [core] Combine initial run fetch, event fetch, and run_started event creation (#1569)
  [docs] Split World API docs into sub-pages, update skill.md (#1457)
  [nitro] Preserve workflow step registration side effects (#1386)
  ...

# Conflicts:
#	skills/workflow/SKILL.md
@ghost ghost mentioned this pull request Apr 7, 2026
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DurableAgent surfaces fatal stream errors as [object Object] and does not clearly signal a terminal failure to stream consumers

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@VaguelySerious @karthikscale3