[C++] Add asynchronous read to parquet::arrow::FileReader

[asfimport]

Allow reading 

Reporter: David Li / @lidavidm
Assignee: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++][Parquet] Always transfer to executor in Parquet AsyncGenerator (Dependent)
• [C++] Implement OptionalParallelForAsync (is related to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #9620

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11843. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 9620
#9620