GH-31148: [Dev] Update URLs in the repo to point to main

[jorisvandenbossche]

• Closes: [Dev] Update URLs in the repo to point to main #31148
• Closes: [Dev] Replace hard-coded string "master" with "main" in dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py after default branch migration  #33215
• Closes: [Dev] Remove "master" from default_branch property of Target class in core.py after migration to "main" as the default Git branch #32804
• Closes: [R] AMD64 Ubuntu 20.04 R 4.2 CI is failing due to branch rename #34232

[github-actions]

• Closes: [Dev] Update URLs in the repo to point to main #31148

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #31148 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[jorisvandenbossche]

The R tests are failing because the URLs don't yet exist

[jorisvandenbossche]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g test

[github-actions]

Revision: 00096ff

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-5df570df76

Task	Status
test-alpine-linux-cpp
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-build-vcpkg-win
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-conda-python-3.10
test-conda-python-3.11
test-conda-python-3.7
test-conda-python-3.7-hdfs-2.9.2
test-conda-python-3.7-hdfs-3.2.1
test-conda-python-3.7-pandas-1.0
test-conda-python-3.7-pandas-latest
test-conda-python-3.7-spark-v3.1.2
test-conda-python-3.8
test-conda-python-3.8-hypothesis
test-conda-python-3.8-pandas-latest
test-conda-python-3.8-pandas-nightly
test-conda-python-3.8-spark-v3.2.0
test-conda-python-3.9
test-conda-python-3.9-dask-latest
test-conda-python-3.9-dask-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.9-pandas-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.9-spark-master
test-conda-python-3.9-substrait
test-cuda-cpp
test-cuda-python
test-debian-10-cpp-amd64
test-debian-10-cpp-i386
test-debian-11-cpp-amd64
test-debian-11-cpp-i386
test-debian-11-go-1.17
test-debian-11-python-3
test-debian-c-glib
test-debian-ruby
test-fedora-35-cpp
test-fedora-35-python-3
test-fedora-r-clang-sanitizer
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-bundled
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-library-r-base-latest
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-minimal-build
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-offline-minimal
test-r-rhub-debian-gcc-devel-lto-latest
test-r-rhub-debian-gcc-release-custom-ccache
test-r-rhub-ubuntu-gcc-release-latest
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.1-opensuse153
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.2-centos7-devtoolset-8
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.2-focal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions
test-skyhook-integration
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp-release
test-ubuntu-18.04-cpp-static
test-ubuntu-18.04-r-sanitizer
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-20.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer
test-ubuntu-20.04-python-3
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-c-glib
test-ubuntu-default-docs
test-ubuntu-ruby

[kevingurney]

@jorisvandenbossche - thank you for making this PR! Changes look good to me!

[jorisvandenbossche]

I didn't run all nightly (packaging and release verification) tests here, so didn't verify everything. But since this PR fixes some failures that otherwise happen on PRs, I am going to merge this, and we can follow-up if needed for the other builds.

[jorisvandenbossche]

@kevingurney and thank you for the preparatory work!

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = fe19160 and contender = 157b8f5. 157b8f5 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️1.04% ⬆️0.03%] test-mac-arm
[Finished ⬇️0.51% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.19% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 157b8f55 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] 157b8f55 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 157b8f55 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 157b8f55 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] fe19160b ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] fe19160b test-mac-arm
[Finished] fe19160b ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] fe19160b ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java